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AP 09561672 (superviser Kokhmetova А.)

Brief description of the project

(Project’s duration is 12 months, 2021 г.)

 

  Project title: АРО9561672 «Identification of sources of wheat resistant to the Kazakhstani population and dominant races Pyrenophora tritici-repentis using phytopathological and molecular methods».

  Relevance. Kazakhstan plays an important role in ensuring regional and global food security. World grain production has been increasing in recent years, but global wheat losses from disease account for 10% of the potential crop. The causative agent of tan spot Pyrenophora tritici-repentis is one of the most harmful of wheat leaf spots diseases. The use of genetically resistant cultivars is the most efficient, cost-effective and environmentally sound disease control method to reduce or eliminate fungicide use and minimize crop losses from rust. Losses due to disease are 10-15%, but in epidemics years they can reach 50%. Under the influence of environmental factors in nature, there are constant changes in the racial composition of pathogens. Placing new wheat cultivars with a diversity of resistance genes in the territory of the disease spread is an effective way of plant protection. The annual analysis of the population structure makes it possible to assess the dynamics of variability and identify isolates with a new spectrum of virulence. The racial composition of P. tritici-repentis in Kazakhstan is undergoing changes due to climatic and environmental fluctuations, as well as due to the ever-increasing tendency to cultivate the same varieties in large areas and monoculture in production. Although this is one of the most dangerous wheat diseases, the researches aimed at studying the response of wheat varieties to the dominant isolates of the Kazakhstan population of P. tritici-repentis have not been carried out in our country. There is limited information on the racial structure of P. tritici-repentis in RK. To develop strategies for the management of tan spot in Kazakhstan, knowledge of the variation in the pathogen population and the response to the pathogen of cultivated wheat varieties is required.

  Project goal: «Identification of sources of wheat resistant to the Kazakhstani population and dominant races Pyrenophora tritici-repentis using phytopathological and molecular methods».

  Ожидаемые результаты. Based on an integrated approach, including a phytopathological assessment in the field, the study of seedling resistance to the dominant in the region P. tritici-repentis isolates, and molecular screening, the current status of resistance to tan spot in cultivars and promising lines of winter wheat cultivated in this region will be assessed. Wheat samples resistant to the dominant PTR isolates will be identified. Carriers of genes that control sensitivity/resistance to the ToxA toxin widespread in the region will be identified using the Xfcp623 molecular marker, diagnostic for the Tsn1 gene. Thus, PTR-resistant wheat germplasm resistant in the field, resistant to the prevailing PTR races and the Ptr ToxA toxin will be identified.

 

  Scientific Supervisor of the project:

  Kokhmetova Alma, Doctor of Biological Sciences (Genetics), professor, corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences RK, head of Genetics and Breeeding Laboratory, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IPBB), National Coordinator European Biotechnology Association (EBTNA) for Kazakhstan.  Work experience is related to the study of disease resistance using Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) technology and associative mapping to improve the efficiency of the breeding for disease resistance. Since 2015 she was manager of 6 projects funded by Ministry of Education and Science and Ministry of Agriculture. Under her supervision 1 PhD, 4 PhD-doctoral, 12 master’s theses defended;1 PhD-dissertation is carried out. Hirsch Index is 7 (https://apps.webofknowledge.com/CitationReport.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&SID=E4M3qrpPTX4Xbgyu2tf&page=1&cr_pqid=6&viewType=summary). She has 300 publications, including 20 works in WOS/Scopus databases. WOS-ID: M-6618-2015; ORCHID-ID:0002-0186-7832.

  Research group:

  Kumarbaeva M.T.,higher education, master of agricultural sciences, PhD doctoral student KazNAU, junior researcher, laboratory genetics and breeding, IPPB since 2014. Published 13 works, 2 in WOS/Scopus databases. Experience: executor of the GF-project, conducted a phytopathological assessment of promising wheat lines. Role in the project: Phenotyping of wheat samples for resistance to leaf rust pathotypes. Scopus-ID: 57213619570; ORCHID-ID: 0000-0002-5588-6772

  Keishilov Zh.S., higher education, master of agricultural sciences, junior researcher of IPPB since 2012. Hirsch Index 1. Experience: participated in 6 GF-projects. Role in the project: Monitoring of pathogen in Kazakhstan regions, field evaluation of leaf rust resistance. Scopus-ID: 57221382183; ORCHID-ID: 0000-0003-2126-6951.

  Zhanuzak D.K., higher education, master of technical sciences, junior researcher at IPPB since 2012. Hirsch Index 1. Fluent in phytopathological and molecular methods. Role in the project: Field evaluation of leaf rust resistance. Scopus-ID: 57226127734; ORCHID-ID: 0000-0002-2252-0870.

  Malysheva A., bachelor, master student KazNU named after Al-Farabi, laboratory assistant, laboratory of genetics and breeding, IPPB. Hirsch Index 1. Fluent in phytopathological and molecular methods. Role in the project: Field assessment and molecular screening of leaf rust resistance. Scopus-ID: 57226102193; ORCHID-ID: 0000-0002-9840-9570.

  List of publications of the project’s participants (2015-2021)

  1. Kokhmetova A., Madenova A., Kampitova G., Urazaliev R., Yessimbekova M., Morgounov A., Purnhauser L. 2016. Identification of leaf rust resistance genes in wheat cultivars produced in Kazakhstan//Cereal Research Communications.44(2):240–250.DOI:10.1556/0806.43.2015.056. If 0.708. WOS
  2. Kokhmetova A., Sehgal D., Ali S., Atishova M., Kumarbayeva M., Leonova I., Dreisigacker S. 2021. Genome-Wide Association Study of tan spot resistance in a hexaploid wheat collection from Kazakhstan. Front. Genet. 11:581214. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.581214. IF 3.26. WOS Q2.
  3. A. Kokhmetova, O.Kremneva, G.Volkova, M.Atishova, Z.Sapakhova. 2017. Еvaluation of wheat cultivars growing in Kazakhstan and Russia for resistance to tan spot//Journal of Plant Pathology.99(1):161-167. DOI:10.4454/jpp.v99i1.3812.If 1.041. WOS, 2017г. Q3
  4. Morgounov A., Akin B., Demir L.Ã., Keser M., Kokhmetova A., Martynov S., Orhan Å., Ozdemir F., Ãzseven Ä., Sapakhova Z., Yessimbekova M. 2015.Yield gain in leaf rust resistant and susceptible winter wheat varieties due to fungicide application//Crop and Pasture Science.66(7):649-659.DOI:10.1071/CP14158. If 1.601. WOS Q2
  5. 5. Kokhmetova A., Sharma,R., Rsaliyev,S., Galymbek,K., Baymagambetova,K., Ziyaev,Z., Morgounov,A. 2018. Evaluation of Central Asian wheat germplasm for stripe rust resistance//Plant Genetic Resources.16(2):178-184.Doi:10.1017/S1479262117000132. IF792. WOS. Q4
  6. Кохметова А., Али С., Сапахова З., Атишова М.2018. Идентификация генотипов­носителей устойчивости к токсинам пиренофороза Ptr ToxA и Ptr ToxB Pyrenophora tritici-repentis в коллекции мягкой пшеницы//Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции.
    22(8):978­-986. DOI:10.18699/VJ18.440. Scopus, SJR 0.15, Q4, 31-й процентиль.
  7. A. Kokhmetova, Atishova M., Kumarbayeva M., Leonova I.2019. Phytopathological screening and molecular marker analysis of wheat germplasm from Kazakhstan and CIMMYT for resistance to tan spot//Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции.23(7):879-886. DOI:10.18699/VJ19.562. Scopus SJR 0.15, Q4, 31-й процентиль.
  8. Кохметова А.М., Коваленко Н.М., Кумарбаева М.Т. 2020. Структура популяции Pyrenophora tritici—repentis в Республике Казахстан и идентификация устойчивой к пиренофорозу гермоплазмы пшеницы. Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции. 2020;24(7):722-729. DOI 10.18699/VJ20.666, SJR 0.15,Q4,31-й процентиль.
  9. Galymbek K., Kokhmetova A.M., Akan K., Madenova A.K., Atishova M.N.2017. Identification of germplasm of wheat on leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob.)//Ecology, Environment and Conservation.23(2):1211-1218. Scopus Q4,SJR 0.14.
  10. Madenova A.K., Kokhmetova A.M., Atishova M.N., Galymbek K., Yernazarova G.I.2019. Identification of carriers of resistance to common bunt (Tilletia caries) of winter wheat, Research on Crops.20(4):782-790.DOI:10.31830/2348-7542.2019.115. Scopus Q3, SJR 0.
  11. Madenova A.K., Kokhmetova A.M., Atishova M.N., Galymbek K., Keishilov Z.S. 2019.Molecular screening for resistance to common bunt (Tilletia caries) of wheat//Journal of Biotechnology. 305S:185. IF 2,667. Proc.‘European Biotechnology Congress 2019,Valencia,Spain,2019.
  12. Kokhmetova A., Atishova M.N. Identification wheat genotypes resistant to to tan spot Pyrenophora tritici-repentis//Bulletin of the NAS Republic of Kazakhstan.2:29-35.Doi:32014/2020.2518-1467.38
  13. Kokhmetova A., Atishova M.N., Galymbek K.2020.Identification of wheat germplasm resistant to leaf, stripe and stem rust using molecular markers//Bulletin of the NAS Republic of Kazakhstan.2:45-52.DOI:32014/2020.2518-1467.40
  14. Keishilov Zh., Kokhmetova A., Kumarbayeva M., Kovalenko N., Atishova M., Aitymbetova K. Characterization of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (tan spot of wheat) Races in Kazakhstan. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 2021 (статья подана в журнал), БД Web of Science; Q2, IF 2.02, процентиль 65.
  15. Кумарбаева М.Т., Кохметова А.М. Генетико-селекционное изучение образцов пшеницы казахстанской коллекции на устойчивости к пиренофорозу Pyrenorhora tritici—repentis // Международный симпозиум «Проблемы и перспективы участия ученых женщин в научно-инновационном развитии сельского хозяйства» – 2021. – C. 109-111.

 

  Monographs, guidelines:

  1. Kokhmetova A.M. Genetic aspects of wheat adaptability. Almaty, 2005-225 p.
  2. Rsaliev Sh., Kokhmetova A.M., Sedlovsky A., Rsaliev A., Tileubaeva Zh.S., Tyupina L.N., Esenbekova G.T., Atishova M.N., Agabaeva A.Ch. Catalog of varieties and samples of wheat with genes for resistance to leaf rust: guidelines // Guidelines. — Almaty. 2011.- 100 p.
  3. Kokhmetova A.M., Sapakhova Z.B., Atishova M.N., Kumarbaeva M.T., Madenova A.K. Marker Assisted Selection for the devlopmant of advanced wheat lines resistant to yellow and leaf rust // Methodical recommendations. Almaty, 2015 — 32p.
  4. Kokhmetova A.M. Identification of sources of wheat resistance to tan spot. — Almaty. Same design. 2021.— 238 p.

  Patents, copyright certificates:

Four copyright certificates/patents for new wheat cultivars (Raminal, 2008; Alikhan,2014; Kazakhstan-75,2016; Stepnaya-53,2016), certificates for intellectual property (“Genotype-Environment” and “Genetic analysis» programs).

  Results obtained for 2021

According to the research results, a collection was formed, consisting of 186 monosporous isolates of P. tritici-repentis collected from herbarium material. In the Almaty region, seven races were identified (races 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8), and in the Kostanay region, two races (race 4 and 7), which were used to screen germplasm for seedling resistance. Twenty-three wheat entries with high resistance (1 point) to race 1 Ptr and to selective toxin HST Ptr ToxA were identified. Most of the genotypes (95%) were resistant to race 5 Ptr and HST Ptr ToxB. As a result of the research, 15 wheat genotypes were selected that are simultaneously resistant to 2 races (race 1 and 5) and 2 host-specific toxins (Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB). Based on molecular screening, 59 genotypes were identified with a recessive tsn1 gene linked to resistance to race 1 and Ptr ToxA and 72 genotypes with a recessive tsc2 gene linked to insensitivity to race 5 and Ptr ToxB toxin. On the basis of a comprehensive assessment, a collection of 33 samples was formed, including 26 Kazakhstanian and 7 Russian entries, which showed adult plant resistance under natural and artificial infectious background, and were also resistant to 2 races (1 and 5), and to two toxins (Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB). The publication plan has been implemented: 1 article was published in the collection of the international conference, 1 article was submitted to a foreign journal indexed in the WOS database — «Phytopathologia Mediterranea» (IF 2.02, quartile Q2, percentile 65).

  Research publications

  1. Keishilov Zh., Kokhmetova A., Kumarbayeva M., Kovalenko N., Atishova M., Aitymbetova K. Characterization of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (tan spot of wheat) Races in Kazakhstan. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 2021 (статья подана в журнал), БД Web of Science; Q2, IF 2.02, процентиль 65.
  2. Кумарбаева М.Т., Кохметова А.М. Генетико-селекционное изучение образцов пшеницы казахстанской коллекции на устойчивости к пиренофорозу Pyrenorhora tritici-repentis // Международный симпозиум «Проблемы и перспективы участия ученых женщин в научно-инновационном развитии сельского хозяйства» – 2021. – C. 109-111.